Thinking-Activity-American-Literature-The-Scarlett-Letter-Creativity

An introduction to a creativity arena

As we are tasked to share our thoughts through our creativity, in any form; poetry or short story. Which is most suitable to us.

I'm trying my hand in short story and through short story, I'm expected to present suppressed thoughts, those are remaining in unconscious minds as said by William Freud as well as by Carl Jung.

Let's see, how it can be accomplished.

    Opening A Never Opened Lid    

Nareli, an 18year old girl, with well built personality, seems to be strong but delicate inside, fair, attractive look, imbibed with a good culture.

How it is when in early morning you're awakening, you're dull, with empty eye, just trying to get through your proper senses.

Trying to see the world through your eyes, you're more curious and having an inclination to dig deep into the happenings, surrounding you.

But then suddenly, you're faced with unexpected arrival and that is, as you're a delicate piece of glass, you have to fit in this requiring designed frame. 

The idea of fitting in was normalized, but with better explaination of your own well-being and it was approved by..

Some unusual, unwelcomed and unknown forces are unusual, don't know from where these come, how these come....It seems as one after another black shadows are tumbling down on each other, with due force and determination, to impel other convince and situate, in their made structures..

Gradually you will succumbed to the created boggy and there isn't another chance for coming out rather than plunging into it and coming out as victorious..

And that will give you a new transformation of purgated self. Who was till now in unknown stretching, ceasing, seeing, experiencing and asking herself, whether it is wrong or right and what should be the reaction? To give and instant response or need to consult to conscience and then to liquidate it likewise..

When encountered with, you yourself isn't knowing, for what you're fighting is insignificant in nature. It will only give you temporal happiness, for want of perennial happiness, you have to continuously self-extinct yourself, by checking on your own actions.

How cleansed you have made yourself! A persona moving like an air, downwards to upward, what is broadening from bottom, is narrowed from upwards, observing closely seems to be mere an occasional deital light!! These small pieces are sources, that enlivens you, sometimes you think to touch it, but proved to be intangible; can give you feeling of something existing, actually exactly what, can't be deciphered.

A Persona

Who stood like a rock, seems like a rock, but when tried to wrought..

Unusual, unbelievable, discomforting and surprising!!!

Lengthened, distorted, dust-like pieces..

Seems to be mere ashes!!

Inclined to one after another minute, dissolving particles,

As magnet forces two separated to be one...

It bombarded uncountable to be scattered on their chosen lines,

Don't know from where a halo emerged out, glistened and weaved all into one..

Transformed into a triumphant crown!

Thank you😊

Modernist-Literature-Biography-Documentary-Virginia-Woolf

 

Modern-Age-T-S-Eliot-Upnishad-Allusions-Indian-Philosophy

 INTRODUCTION

The modern epic called "The Waste Land" published in 1922(along with James Joyce's 'Ullyses') by T. S. Eliot(a modernist and esoteric writer and poet).

The poem is divided into five parts

• THE BURIAL OF THE DEAD
• THE GAME OF CHESS
• THE FIRE SERMON
• DEATH BY WATER
• WHAT THE THUNDER SAID

This modern epic is written in fragmented, complexive and intrinsic style, with confusing, incoherent and unconnected structure. To find the proper link and connection, among all fragments, a reader need to invent and discover a new style, on his/her own.

To determine the detachment of poet from poetry, Eliot has used many mythical allusions from the history; from East as well as from West.

For Example: Myth of Philomela, Phlebas, Euginides, Sosostris, Marie, hyacinth girl(Tiresias-A human and fore experienced person of all myths and events in poem) Lil, Albert, Isolde etc.

Though it seems as detachment is acquired from the poetry, but in autobiographical elements, some aspects of his life, leaks out in his own poem.

Further we will see through its summary, upnishadic concept, Freudianism thought, Gustaf Hellstrom's remarks and Fredrich Neitsche's contemplation, on Eliot's belief on "preservation of cultural traditions".

UNDERSTANDING OF THE EPIC POEM

The poem is based on life-in-death and death-in-life by Cleanth Brooks. Which in a contrast is one of the favorite major themes of T. S. Eliot, attributing religion as Christian a central theme of the poem.

She has integrated the idea of sexual perversion and spiritual degradation. How both are interconnected and influenced by one another. Spiritual degradation is highlighted through three waste lands; the wasteland of Fisher King, the wasteland of Emmaus(in old testament) and the wasteland of king Oedipus.

 How the blighting curse of the land, led to defertilization of land, out of which no corpses grows, how reproduction of animals is prevented due to plight of the land and as a solution it is suggested that If a knight comes, and asks the  meaning of the symbols then perhaps the land can be restored(Which Eliot says is necessary to understand to get through its meaning).

The land of Emmaus, which I'm not discussing in detail.

The land of Oedipus, where Oedipus is blind, that has led him to prophesied. 

In first part of the poem, the burial of the dead, we see the sterility and waste in the form of memory and desire and how winter is providing warmth, while April is depicted as a cruellest month(that stirs lilacs out of the deaden land) how a lilac like spirit can be stirred from the deaden land? The example of death-in-life.

In second part, the game of chess, the major part of sexual perversion is highlighted. How one is playing with moves and intrigue, counter moves, the innocent are exploited.

An example from myth of Euginides is given, who is related with homosexuality(Eliot says for this kind an abnormal state of sexual perversion)and the Hotel Metropole, where the sexual practices are commercialized. In some cases it has now become routine, a mechanical process, specifically in the case of 'the typist and the clerk'. Sexual practise can be seen in two ways, as a primitive function and a drive to procreate and vitalize. If it is used in former context, then only it will give momentary pleasure and benefits, if in latter then it will be helpful in long time healthy life repercussions and in providing love and satisfaction of living life.

King Fisher in this poem is known for restoring virility as he is characterised as an impotent regarding sexual life.

The very life of T. S. Eliot is also connected where he says that(got married in 1915) when Vivienne Haigh Wood was involved with Russell a mathematician and philosopher, he tolerated though he was jealous, due to impotency towards healthy sexual life and Vivienne is characterised with nervous agitation and sexual promiscuity(which will give a free vent to feministic study of this poem).

In this poem an example from Paradise lost is also given in context of Christian religion, where it is saying that any humanbeing is liable to tempt towards flesh, giving way to temptation is denial to spirit, so disobedience to God and therefore leads to spiritual degradation. In alike manner Eve in Paradise lost had done and so there was fall of man. According to Christianity, the redemption can be achieved through penance, prayer and suffering(In reference with the time of ancient mariner).

Similarly in fire sermon(part-3) the cleansing and purgation of sin can be achieved through burning in the fire(a kind of suffering) where the sins will be cleansed and the person would have a rebirth with reestablished spirituality.

The fourth part suggest life-in-death aspect, where the spirituality is gained through death by water(Hellam, his friend's life is connected here, who was dead in War).

So it suggests to listen the voice of thunder in the last part, where it suggests three ways to live life as per upnishadic concept that one must be a given(Da), one must be compassionate(Dayadhvam) one must self-control(Damyata).

All in all in F. O. Matheisan's words Eliot has reflected past with the present as a universal theme(aptly taken historical sense from ancient myths, classical myths, legendary figures, and the markers of land) and tried to illuminate both past and the present. He takes one Idea from the past that If with such precautions and appropriate deeds past was healed as we have seen in three wastelands represented by different mythical or religious occupiers, why it can't heal in present. At surface level he seems to be a preserver of the culture as Gustaf Hellstorm allege him to be, from Swedish Academy, It seems to be, but may be he is trying to suggest only that one must have the historical sense to deal with any situation, rather than looking the situation in present context only. If it is seen in this manner, then it won't be healed but further it will get deteriorated.

Thus in this way both the themes are interconnected. The latter is legitimized in Eliot's arena as a sin(Probably to prevent spiritual degradation), so it is sin but as the poem is presented in dismantling manner, it seems that all the ongoing rituals in modern day are illegitimized(Refering to do as one likes, one of the aspects of culture and anarchy by Mathew Arnold). So the situation is honestly reciprocated with despair, desolation, dissolution and despondency by modern men. At last we can see that it is emphasizing on Indian Philosophy as only solution for every problems and that is DA, DATTA and DAYADHVAM.

UPNISHADIC CONCEPT IN "WHAT THE THUNDER SAID"

In Indain Philosophy it is said that one humanbeing with another humanbeing should be compassionate, a reliable giver and when time arises also self-control himself/herself which is construed from the last part of 'the wasteland' by T. S. Eliot called 'What the thunder said', emphasizing on three aspects for living life and those are; Da(giver), Datta(self-control) and Dayadhvam(compassionate).

If a person has digested these three aspects musively, he/she can live life amusingly and peacefully. But this is too difficult to practice, only your response to specific situation will determine how tolerative you're.

Conclusion 

Thus Eliot suggests self-suffering, penancing, praying is a way to lead good and healthy life and for wisdom of humility one should practise these three thunder voices.

Modern-Age-T-S-Eliot-The-Wasteland-Remarks-of-Gustaf-Hellstrom-from-Swedish-Academy

 INTRODUCTION

The modern epic called "The Waste Land" published in 1922(along with James Joyce's 'Ullyses') by T. S. Eliot(a modernist and esoteric writer and poet).

The poem is divided into five parts

• THE BURIAL OF THE DEAD
• THE GAME OF CHESS
• THE FIRE SERMON
• DEATH BY WATER
• WHAT THE THUNDER SAID

This modern epic is written in fragmented, complexive and intrinsic style, with confusing, incoherent and unconnected structure. To find the proper link and connection, among all fragments, a reader need to invent and discover a new style, on his/her own.

To determine the detachment of poet from poetry, Eliot has used many mythical allusions from the history; from East as well as from West.

For Example: Myth of Philomela, Phlebas, Euginides, Sosostris, Marie, hyacinth girl(Tiresias-A human and fore experienced person of all myths and events in poem) Lil, Albert, Isolde etc.

Though it seems as detachment is acquired from the poetry, but in autobiographical elements, some aspects of his life, leaks out in his own poem.

Further we will see through its summary, upnishadic concept, Freudianism thoughts, Gustaf Hellstrom's remarks and Fredrich Neitsche's contemplation, on Eliot's belief on "preservation of cultural traditions".

UNDERSTANDING OF THE POEM

The poem is based on life-in-death and death-in-life by Cleanth Brooks. Which in a contrast is one of the favorite major themes of T. S. Eliot, attributing religion as Christian a central theme of the poem.

She has integrated the idea of sexual perversion and spiritual degradation. How both are interconnected and influenced by one another. Spiritual degradation is highlighted through three waste lands; the wasteland of Fisher King, the wasteland of Emmaus(in old testament) and the wasteland of king Oedipus.

 How the blighting curse of the land, led to defertilization of land, out of which no corpses grows, how reproduction of animals is prevented due to plight of the land and as a solution it is suggested that If a knight comes, and asks the  meaning of the symbols then perhaps the land can be restored(Which Eliot says is necessary to understand to get through its meaning).

The land of Emmaus, which I'm not discussing in detail.

The land of Oedipus, where Oedipus is blind, that has led him to prophesied. 

In first part of the poem, the burial of the dead, we see the sterility and waste in the form of memory and desire and how winter is providing warmth, while April is depicted as a cruellest month(that stirs lilacs out of the deaden land) how a lilac like spirit can be stirred from the deaden land? The example of death-in-life.

In second part, the game of chess, the major part of sexual perversion is highlighted. How one is playing with moves and intrigue, counter moves, the innocent are exploited.

An example from myth of Euginides is given, who is related with homosexuality(Eliot says for this kind an abnormal state of sexual perversion)and the Hotel Metropole, where the sexual practices are commercialized. In some cases it has now become routine, a mechanical process, specifically in the case of 'the typist and the clerk'. Sexual practise can be seen in two ways, as a primitive function and a drive to procreate and vitalize. If it is used in former context, then only it will give momentary pleasure and benefits, if in latter then it will be helpful in long time healthy life repercussions and in providing love and satisfaction of living life.

King Fisher in this poem is known for restoring virility as he is characterised as an impotent regarding sexual life.

The very life of T. S. Eliot is also connected where he says that(got married in 1915) when Vivienne Haigh Wood was involved with Russell a mathematician and philosopher, he tolerated though he was jealous, due to impotency towards healthy sexual life and Vivienne is characterised with nervous agitation and sexual promiscuity(which will give a free vent to feministic study of this poem).

In this poem an example from Paradise lost is also given in context of Christian religion, where it is saying that any humanbeing is liable to tempt towards flesh, giving way to temptation is denial to spirit, so disobedience to God and therefore leads to spiritual degradation. In alike manner Eve in Paradise lost had done and so there was fall of man. According to Christianity, the redemption can be achieved through penance, prayer and suffering(In reference with the time of ancient mariner).

Similarly in fire sermon(part-3) the cleansing and purgation of sin can be achieved through burning in the fire(a kind of suffering) where the sins will be cleansed and the person would have a rebirth with reestablished spirituality.

The fourth part suggest life-in-death aspect, where the spirituality is gained through death by water(Hellam, his friend's life is connected here, who was dead in War).

So it suggests to listen the voice of thunder in the last part, where it suggests three ways to live life as per upnishadic concept that one must be a given(Da), one must be compassionate(Dayadhvam) one must self-control(Damyata).

All in all in F. O. Matheisan's words Eliot has reflected past with the present as a universal theme(aptly taken historical sense from ancient myths, classical myths, legendary figures, and the markers of land) and tried to illuminate both past and the present. He takes one Idea from the past that If with such precautions and appropriate deeds past was healed as we have seen in three wastelands represented by different mythical or religious occupiers, why it can't heal in present. At surface level he seems to be a preserver of the culture as Gustaf Hellstorm allege him to be, from Swedish Academy, It seems to be, but may be he is trying to suggest only that one must have the historical sense to deal with any situation, rather than looking the situation in present context only. If it is seen in this manner, then it won't be healed but further it will get deteriorated.

Thus in this way both the themes are interconnected. The latter is legitimized in Eliot's arena as a sin(Probably to prevent spiritual degradation), so it is sin but as the poem is presented in dismantling manner, it seems that all the ongoing rituals in modern day are illegitimized(Refering to do as one likes, one of the aspects of culture and anarchy by Mathew Arnold). So the situation is honestly reciprocated with despair, desolation, dissolution and despondency by modern men.

GUSTAF HELLSTROM'S REMARKS ON ELIOT

The idea changes from time to time, what is appealing today, may not be appealing tomorrow. Gustaf Hellstorm is alleging Eliot of at first didn't get him about his intentions of acquiring wisdom of humility as a man's virtue and only hope. Now Gustaf Hellstorm himself is considering this idea of Eliot as his own final results of visions and acuity of thought.
He may be here only seeing the peripheral and exceptional aspects of living life, which seems to be ideal for a humanbeing to get practised, as suffering, tormenting, paying penance and praying to God also the concept of the voice of thunder. Which is very much contradictory to Ubermensch like idea by Freidrich Neitsche, where it is saying to be a superhuman/superman/a God should be there as a goal to achieve.

The essence of this pre-speech is, that such an disillusionment which was prevailing in the form of lust and burning of the Europe. Eliot rather than showing sympathy and rescuing people from ruins, why he chosen to make the vulgarity and confusion of modern age  as part of his scathing criticism. Where Hellstorm emphasises on hope to restore stability and order again from fragmentation.

RELEVANCY OF HIS REMARKS

Regarding both the ideas of wisdom of humility and showing sympathy to people, vulgarizing and are in confusive state, we got here that the concerned person isn't just finding reasons for such perversity but trying to find solutions.

LIQUIDATION OF REMARKS

May be Gustaf Hellstorm has found, scathing criticism of Eliot as disturbing. Why when one isn't able to find resolution of situation, one rather than furthering efforts to eradicate such things, placing critique on it? Though it seems as Eliot is criticizing and rather than giving collective approach, he is giving the idea of cultural preservation,  which seems to narrow-minded idea but may be as he is advocating historical sense as he has given many examples of healing, with only this master stroke, so he is suggesting so. As it is said: "One will say anything based on one's experience".

CONCULSION

Thus in this way, the understanding of the poem is described  along with Gustaf Hellstorm remarks on wisdom of humility and how to get solution for people's confused and vulgarized minds.

Works Cited

"Modern Novel: The Wasteland", T. S. Eliot.

"Prior Speech: Remarks", Gustaf Hellstorm.

Modern-Age-The-Wasteland-T-S-Eliot-Vs-Freidrich-Neitsche

  INTRODUCTION

The modern epic called "The Waste Land" published in 1922(along with James Joyce's 'Ullyses') by T. S. Eliot(a modernist and esoteric writer and poet).

The poem is divided into five parts

• THE BURIAL OF THE DEAD
• THE GAME OF CHESS
• THE FIRE SERMON
• DEATH BY WATER
• WHAT THE THUNDER SAID

This modern epic is written in fragmented, complexive and intrinsic style, with confusing, incoherent and unconnected structure. To find the proper link and connection, among all fragments, a reader need to invent and discover a new style, on his/her own.

To determine the detachment of poet from poetry, Eliot has used many mythical allusions from the history; from East as well as from West.

For Example: Myth of Philomela, Phlebas, Euginides, Sosostris, Marie, hyacinth girl(Tiresias-A human and fore experienced person of all myths and events in poem) Lil, Albert, Isolde etc.

Though it seems as detachment is acquired from the poetry, but in autobiographical elements, some aspects of his life, leaks out in his own poem.

Further we will see through its summary, upnishadic concept, Freudianism thoughts, Gustaf Hellstorm's remarks and Fredrich Neitsche's contemplation, on Eliot's belief on "preservation of cultural traditions".

UNDERSTANDING OF THE POEM: The poem is based on life-in-death and death-in-life by Cleanth Brooks. Which in a contrast is one of the favorite major themes of T. S. Eliot, attributing religion as Christian a central theme of the poem.

She has integrated the idea of sexual perversion and spiritual degradation. How both are interconnected and influenced by one another. Spiritual degradation is highlighted through three waste lands; the wasteland of Fisher King, the wasteland of Emmaus(in old testament) and the wasteland of king Oedipus.

 How the blighting curse of the land, led to defertilization of land, out of which no corpses grows, how reproduction of animals is prevented due to plight of the land and as a solution it is suggested that If a knight comes, and asks the  meaning of the symbols then perhaps the land can be restored(Which Eliot says is necessary to understand to get through its meaning).

The land of Emmaus, which I'm not discussing in detail.

The land of Oedipus, where Oedipus is blind, that has led him to prophesied. 

In first part of the poem, the burial of the dead, we see the sterility and waste in the form of memory and desire and how winter is providing warmth, while April is depicted as a cruellest month(that stirs lilacs out of the deaden land) how a lilac like spirit can be stirred from the deaden land? The example of death-in-life.

In second part, the game of chess, the major part of sexual perversion is highlighted. How one is playing with moves and intrigue, counter moves, the innocent are exploited.

An example from myth of Euginides is given, who is related with homosexuality(Eliot says for this kind an abnormal state of sexual perversion)and the Hotel Metropole, where the sexual practices are commercialized. In some cases it has now become routine, a mechanical process, specifically in the case of 'the typist and the clerk'. Sexual practise can be seen in two ways, as a primitive function and a drive to procreate and vitalize. If it is used in former context, then only it will give momentary pleasure and benefits, if in latter then it will be helpful in long time healthy life repercussions and in providing love and satisfaction of living life.

King Fisher in this poem is known for restoring virility as he is characterised as an impotent regarding sexual life.

The very life of T. S. Eliot is also connected where he says that(got married in 1915) when Vivienne Haigh Wood was involved with Russell a mathematician and philosopher, he tolerated though he was jealous, due to impotency towards healthy sexual life and Vivienne is characterised with nervous agitation and sexual promiscuity(which will give a free vent to feministic study of this poem).

In this poem an example from Paradise lost is also given in context of Christian religion, where it is saying that any humanbeing is liable to tempt towards flesh, giving way to temptation is denial to spirit, so disobedience to God and therefore leads to spiritual degradation. In alike manner Eve in Paradise lost had done and so there was fall of man. According to Christianity, the redemption can be achieved through penance, prayer and suffering(In reference with the time of ancient mariner).

Similarly in fire sermon(part-3) the cleansing and purgation of sin can be achieved through burning in the fire(a kind of suffering) where the sins will be cleansed and the person would have a rebirth with reestablished spirituality.

The fourth part suggest life-in-death aspect, where the spirituality is gained through death by water(Hellam, his friend's life is connected here, who was dead in War).

So it suggests to listen the voice of thunder in the last part, where it suggests three ways to live life as per upnishadic concept that one must be a given(Da), one must be compassionate(Dayadhvam) one must self-control(Damyata).

All in all in F. O. Matheisan's words Eliot has reflected past with the present as a universal theme(aptly taken historical sense from ancient myths, classical myths, legendary figures, and the markers of land) and tried to illuminate both past and the present. He takes one Idea from the past that If with such precautions and appropriate deeds past was healed as we have seen in three wastelands represented by different mythical or religious occupiers, why it can't heal in present. At surface level he seems to be a preserver of the culture as Gustaf Hellstorm allege him to be, from Swedish Academy, It seems to be, but may be he is trying to suggest only that one must have the historical sense to deal with any situation, rather than looking the situation in present context only. If it is seen in this manner, then it won't be healed but further it will get deteriorated.

Thus in this way both the themes are interconnected. The latter is legitimized in Eliot's arena as a sin(Probably to prevent spiritual degradation), so it is sin but as the poem is presented in dismantling manner, it seems that all the ongoing rituals in modern day are illegitimized(Refering to do as one likes, one of the aspects of culture and anarchy by Mathew Arnold). So the situation is honestly reciprocated with despair, desolation, dissolution and despondency by modern men.

FRIEDRICH NEITSCHE'S UBERMENSCH: Freidrich Neitsche in his book "Thus spoke Zarathustra"(1883) has posited philosophy as a concept. Which is an allegory of philosophy, portraying 'Gathas of Zarathustra'. Where Ubermensch meant to be beyond man, superman, overman(that is a goal of humanity itself).

LIQUIDATION OF BOTH

If we see in this aspect of Fredrich Neitsche's Ubermensch then he is emphasizing on an aim and that is going beyond humanity, a kind of supernatural power(an albino in mobydick, which is protected by supernatural power). While T. S. Eliot is emphasizing on Indian Philosophy, through which one can reign through eternity. Both emphasized on the same idea, but through the different nature.

CONCLUSION

It seems as whatsoever medium you adopt to get through eternity, it will work as per the internal magnetic force. If it is negative, it will reflect likewise, if it is positive it will be in that counteracted manner.

Works Cited 

Eliot, Thomas, S., "The Modernist Novel: The Wasteland." Published in December,1922.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Übermensch

Twentieth-Century-Charlie-Chaplin-Movies-Frames-The-Great-Dictator-The-Modern-Times

Twentieth Century is characterized by "the two world wars" WWI and WWII. In which many liberalized and industrial movements have taken place.

If we see in both movies then one is published in 1936 and another is in 1940s. Therefore both are bridging the two wars.

In modern times, the questions of unemployment, hunger, human used as machines, obsession with speed and human's desire for basic necessities.

As the root cause of starvation is unemployment, how people wander in need for job and are flexible in doing any kind of job.

For Example

The Gamin collecting wood.

The man in prison weaving the cloth(seems an effect of liberalization and revolution in terms of feminism movement).

The humans mechanized as machines. As now and then the 'electro steel president' commands to speed up the machines, section wise and it happens, where he expects from workers to adapt and improvise with the speed.

Speed=Power/comparative head.

 

For Example

The 'hydro compressed stellar' machine for eating unconditionally(highlighted in one of the frames, in ppt).

Another side the ineligibility, in adaptability towards machinery is seen. Where with post-humanity and effect of human hollowness can be seen.

PPT is attached below

Modern literature modern_times from samiyakagdi

 

 

In 'the Great Dictator' which was a first sound movie. We are to see an overambitious, selfish, fragile, power hungry and cruel character in the form of Hitler himself.

PPT is attached below

Modern literature the_great_dictator from samiyakagdi

 

 

Thus in both the movies that bridges both the wars. It seems as both depicts modernism aptly. The elements of industrial disaster, economic fluctuations, madness for mass production as well as power hunger dictator can be seen, along with other supporting prospects. Which contribute in building and establishing power.

Works Cited 

"The Great Dictator." Wikipedia, wikimedia foundation, August 2020.

"The Great Dictator." Directed by Charlie Chaplin with Charlie Chaplin, performances by Charlie Chaplin, Paulette Goddard etc, 1940.

"Modern Times." Directed by Charlie Chaplin with Charlie Chaplin, performances by Charlie Chaplin, Paulette Goddard, Henry Bergman etc, 1936.

Twentieth-Century-Poetry

 As "Twentieth Century/Modern Age" is marked with WWI and WWII, it comprises many elements in it. Such as; elements of war, socio-politico scenario, science, rationality, liberal movements(feminism and gay movements), mass production and industrial disaster.

It was in this century, where many 'third world writers' emerged such as Salman Rushdie, Hanif Kureshi etc along with post-modernist writers like Frantz Fanon, Fredrick Jameson, Edward Said etc.

All contributed either by actions or mightier pen to heal the country from the clutches of colonization.

At the beginning two types of poetry writing emerged; Edwardian and Georgian which also comprises the particular century elements. But subsequently with advent of other emerging artistic movements, poetry took its acute and exact formation. Though in weird like state.

As a result dadaism, impressionism, surrealism, expressionism such as many movements emerged out. Regarding its representation, it was somewhat distortive, odd, fragmented, exploring irrationality and in dis arranging state.

Modern Poetry: To examine modernism and post-modernism elements.

In this poem, someone whose name isn't mentioned but is emphasized as "I". Who makes "poems". Characterizes his poem as 'delicate' giving it the imagery of 'flock of doves'. That is "trudging cheerily in and out of the dreary trenches and under the stars.

"I"

"Poem"

"In and Out"

"Dreary Trenches"

"Under the stars"

"Delicate"

"Flock of doves".

It Seems to be mere imagery(imagism of Richard Aldington). Although by being abstract, a poem can't comprise such characteristics. The fragmented collage is clearly making space of distortive imagism.

Hence as the poem itself is represented in an abstract form, that  constitutes feelings and emotions, seems to be possessing personification, one of the figures of speech and 'simile: Delicate as a flock of doves'. In this manner the imagery of imagination is enhanced.

A leaf(one of the parts of tree) is falling(an action) on loneliness(an emotion of earthly species). As it isn't mentioned or not described in this tiny poetry, about the current status of tree, It can be assumed that a tree full of leaves, is pouring down one leaf, so that 'the loneliness may have company'.

It seems as nature and emotions, both are equated here. Perhaps as it is said that nature also has life, it can serve the deaden thing a life.

"Leaf"

"Loneliness"

The later imagery can't be seen, it is only to be felt. Thus there is only one image and that is "a leaf".

Anecdote of the jar, anecdote simply means an amusing and interesting story.

The first stanza says, there was a jar, in the place called Tennesse, which was round in shape, situated upon a hill. But what it do?

It made the slovenly wilderness, surrounding that hill.

A glimpse of imperialism and colonialism can be seen.

How the wilderness proceeded further?

As the wilderness was at its extreme, it rose up to the hill's height and sprawled but the wilderness was given extinction.

The Jar itself symbolizes expansion of land(imperialism). Which was round stood on ground and tall and of a port in air.

The Jar as a dominative personality took dominion everywhere, while the jar is gray(morally not good and complex, possessing the qualities of conformity) and bare.

As it was related to war, and as we know 'war is for no good' in the same way, in this poem it didn't give any 'bush or bird' but barren Tennesse.

Tennesse is the state, nearby America. Where due to technological, science and innovations, Tannesse was remained aloof as it was confined with traditional ways of dealing with life and so they were having clashes on battle ground by such powerful forces.

In this way the imagery is connected with the poem.

"A RED WHEEL BARROW"

"GLAZED WITH RAIN WATER"

"BESIDE THE WHITE CHICKENS"

The imagery gives the glimpse of 'agrarian society' where a farmer rides 'a red wheel barrow' and described as glazed with rain water, beside the white chickens.

But it is only giving the glimpse of, not a clear cut imagery which can present a whole idea, an idea is captured in fragmented manner. So it is making the imagery incomplete.

Thus it is having elements of modern poetry.

The Pool by H. D. Where someone is asking someone, if someone is alive and talking with him/her(none can say it as it has been made already clear in the poem) as someone touched and it quiver like 'sea-fish' and as fish are covered after capturing into net, in the same manner the person is trapped and asking him/her if he/she is a banded one.

This poem also seems to be as inassociative with other images. At first it depicts the image of someone who asks another one 'if one is alive' converse with him/her a bit(not giving a clear image of the other persona). But says you 'quiver like a sea-fish' what you're a 'banded one' and it is ending here, without the person's response in return.

"APPARITION OF THESE FACES"

"WHERE: IN THE CROWD"

"PETALS"

"ON A WET BLACK BOUGH"

I seems as the observer is already seeing some faces infront of him and at the next moment, he sees the same faces as 'apparition's faces' which are immortalized as so the poet is seeing those in crowd(crowd of the people).

Then it is given an imagery of petals, which are on a wet black bough.

"I"

"Gold heels"

"Hard Pavement"

"The Very Stuff of Poesy"

"God"

"Old Star"

"Blanket of the sky"

"Comfort"

It seems as someone as "I" is in ecstasy because "I" found ecstasy in finesse of fiddles. 'Hard pavement' and 'warmth the very stuff of poetry' as contradictory imagery as the warmth of the stuff of the poetry is going to enliven that very hard pavement so that the hardness will dissolve into softness(liquidity) and It will have its own beneficial properties.

Nice imagery!

A star can't be old(seems as used personification, one of the figure of speeches) and it has eaten 'the whole blanket of sky. Requesting God to make it small, so "I" will also fold round and in comfort lie.

Giving an impactful effect of the imagery but one or two meanings  are coming out and the imagery is remaining incomplete. So it can't contribute in fulfilling the whole idea of the poem.

"I"

"STAR"

"BOGHOLE"

"A SILVER RIBBON OF LIGHT"

A passerby stopped to watch a star, that was shining in the boghole. But at his surprise what he saw, 'it was no longer a star but a silver ribbon of light' the person cast aside and pass on.

Seems to be nothing, but merely what we're used to do in our day to day life.

Thus the poem, the pool, embankment, anecdote to a Jar, In a station of the metro, the red wheel-barrow, leaf falls on loneliness and insouciance. All gives an incomplete imagery and and images in fragmentation so these have relation with modern era of Twentieth century.

Works Cited

General-Characteristics-of-Twentieth-Century

A BRIEF NOTE ON HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

The Victorian era dates from 1837(with accession of Queen Victoria) and ends on 1901 with the queen's death.

In Victorian era, Victorians were more rigid(confining to unshakable institutions) living conventionally, realistically but with sophistication. What was said, not practised by them. So those were more contempted by the modern age writers.

In response to victorianism, we're having modernism like aspect of living life.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TWENTIETH CENTURY

The half century of the 'twentieth century' is overshadowed by two world wars. As war doesn't bring good, similarly was happened, consrquently in first and second world wars. The latter had more devastating effect than prior one and its repurcussions in the form of post-war were found in frustration, unemployement of the people and the nation. So it is said that "the 1930s phenomenon reflected in aftermath of second world war.

ENQUIRING TENDENCY

This age was an age of 'questioning' and 'enquiring'. Unconcerned of any subjects, subject wasn't passed without examination and if then in G. B. SHAWS words it was considered as mere 'dogmatism' and he is also attributed for giving "a generation of interrogation abroad". While H. G. WELLS's and other writers's contributions is as usual, atleast covering some of the parts of the subject areas and contributing likewise.

As a result we had 'Bloomsbury group' whose writers(Virginia Woolf, Leonardo Woolf, Vanessa, E. M. Forster etc) were involved in conversation, carrying on one another's home and hammering out a new idea. But had a contemptuous tendency of nature for trivial thinking people.

Instead of 'Art for art's sake' art for life's sake was emphasized. Which was working only for the sake of community and human good(Ref. Mathew Arnold: The study of poetry-art for life's sake).

As a result many supportive and opposite movements had taken place and played their parts in human life as well as in shaping society.

MASS PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL DISASTER

The poor people and working classes had emerged out, during 1930s. Where unemployment was a big question. The poor people and their condition were focused and decided to fought out collectively with such situations, so they can come out of such trauma and better their life. While the increasement in money value had more challenged their surviving chances.

In addition to this due to mass production kind of approach, technological and mechanical aspects were taken into consideration and obviously the poeple who weren't well equipped with such instruments were thrown out.

Parallely 1930s and 1990s can be compared.

For Example

Modern Times(1936)

The Great Dictator(1940)

Refering to the latter one, the first world colonized the third world, through the economic control and immigration had taken place.

Due to immigration, a bulk of literature was produced by third world writers as well as through some of the first world writers.

As a result world banks and monetary funding at world level had opened up to done its part but not by being impartial.

HUMAN HOPELESSNESS

Due to mass production, people of this particular era weren't much adaptive and mechanised as such, that they failed to give their best and industrual disaster happened. Which aroused the necessity of roti, kapda and makan and rather than retaining hope they weren't any option.

For Example: Mathew Arnold's hopefulness in opposite to James  Joyce Ulysses Moly's faintness(Post-Modernism era).

In this manner the very thing of "human hopelessness can be seen, by giving it the beginning of hopefulness.

THE LITERATURE OF MODERN AGE

As the very age was influenced by the two world wars, obviously it had been comprising the elements of wars, psycology, sex, experiments, innovation(Science and Technology/Materialism).

Due to the latter progressing area, vorticism, cubism and futurism like artistic movements had taken place. 

Along with this surrealism, dadaism, impressionism etc can be remembered.

Virginia Woolf Experimented with form, language and style and as a result James Joyce, Virginia woolf and many others had contributed in inventing "the stream of consciousness" literary technique for creating fiction, particularly for this age. Likewise H. G. Wells, Wilfred Owen, Samuel Butler, T. S. Eliot, Sossan, Henry Masefield, G. B. Shaw, William James and Freud(Psychology) contributed their parts in development of literature.

CONCULSION

The very tendency of Twentieth century was of enquiry, interrogation, innovations, invention and experimentation in Science and Technology. Though it had many advantages, It comprised disadvantages too. Those were long lasting and contributing more in human struggle and suffer and to come out one needs most spiritual mind and body.

WORKS CITED

Elt-Bilingualism-Trilingualism-Multilingualism

 An Experiment on three terms

Bi,Tri, Multi(lingualism)

Sample for experiment

Hello everyone,

I hope you all are fine,

After a very long time we all are meeting here.

See you all again!

 

Merhaba(Turkey) toutes les personnes(French),

espero(spanish)yuhaan sat(Sindhi) thik hain(urdu),

na(Dutch) meget lang tid(Danish), we traffas her(swedish).

다시 만나요.!

Thank you!