CS_In_Practice_Frankenstein_Hawthorne_His_Market

Welcome Readers!

Frankenstein / Hawthorne and his market

Introduction : Frankenstein as a scientific novel, how it had influenced its particular age, where a monster is seen in different areas of field; a revolutionary birth, as a proletarian, natural philosophy-cyborg by concerning its political and scientific aspects. Which is also seen in respects of popular culture of film adaptations, stage etc. While seeing parallely 'Hawthorn and his market' it conveys that by being a classical writer, this writer has many difficulties, going on, forthcoming and already existing but he made his way and made his works to be published.

Reading Frankenstein As A Cultural Critic:

In cultural studies, Frankenstein can be read as both; with political and scientific concerns as well as yielding afternoon entertainment to generations.

In former part we can see in subtopics : Revolutionary births, the creature as proletarian,  a race of devils and how it transforms from natural philosophy to cyborg. While in latter part we see "the frankenpheme in popular culture, utilizing it with fiction, drama, film and television.

Subsequenty if we try to see Frankenstein with both the features, as it is just the invention by Mary Shelley in Romantic era, it has been considered as revolution, which is related with genetically engineered "Frankenfoods" like testtube babies and cloning.  The other "a creature as a proletarian, struggles between survival and social inacceptancy, as well as the difference and effect of radical and ideal knowledge. While parallely  "a race of devils" is something which narrates the constitution of Negro people, who are yellow in color, has much physical strength(cyborg) beyond human normal capacity, without senses(represented in the creature of Frankenstein) and the last one of the same category, interconnected with genetic engineering, biotechnology and cloning.

Furthermore we have also seen the concept of natural reduction and then the population. Luigi Galvani's theory of "muscle induction" which was utilized in imaginative manner by "Mary Shelley" to generate the monster and also prior to this "electricity impulse" where a freshly severed oxen was taken for experiment and when it was going on its ears and tongue remained shook, while its eyes were plainly open. Some assumptions that a human recreation also has its roots in 'pulmonary resucsiation'.

If we see the same aspect in today's time then we have digitized human, which will probably called as "digitized human" or "robot".

The novel Frankenstein in popular culture has regardance with films, adaptations, drama, fiction and television and how variously with different ideas the same thing is depicted by various means.

Thus in both the perspectives "Frankenstein" can be read from different angles, and by analyzing gradually, it can be reframed, based on different measures and with the time tendency prevailing, at any particular time.

Hawthorne_And_His_Market:

In Hawthorne and his market we see the Hawthorne had written hundred of the short stories and then he turned towards writing romances, one of which is "Scarlett Letter".

He at first found difficulty in finding publishers for his own book's publication in America, as the publishers were use to sell pirated book at cheap cost and also some influences was from the preceding puritan forbears(his ancestors) who were scorning the profession of writing and considering it as an idle work, and as they were such he had to fought against those hidden and internal fears, which may be proved to be responsible for the writer's own failure of the career.

Contemporary aspect of market

Seeing 'the concept of Hawthorne and his market' in contemporary times. Perhaps in present times a writer wouldn't suffer or grapple to find a publisher as he / she / hir may have digitized means like blog, Twitter, Facebook, to showcase their writing skills on public platform or one can share one's point of views, ideas, by accessing in 'writing extension' like 'wikipedia' and many more. But for this one need to be aware of or involved in that particular field, or else it won't happen for everyone. So as Hawthorne was to face the problem of 'finding publisher' can't happen in contemporary times, and there won't be any question of cheap or qualitative selling means / personalized, as financial means are also digitized, people will get reward as per their qualitative or appealment of work, concerning public taste.

Thus in this manner one has to fought for his own as well as his working proficiency survival.

Thankyou

Samiya Kagdi

A learner at PG center

Department of English 

MKBU

APPLIED SOURCES

https://dilipbarad.blogspot.com/2020/02/introduction-to-cultural-studies.html

Worksheet-Frankenstein-Mary Shelley

Post viewing tasks

Difference between the movie and the novel:

Both the things differ, concerning their featural aspects. when we see the movie we can literally see each and every minute particles of every scenes. where the producer has made changes as per himself and the movie's conveniences. While in novel we can densely and widely study and with this particular help we can accordingly visualize, if it is read rightly then only it is possible. Otherwise can be said "when there is nothing in mind, it becomes as child's mind equal to the plain paper, and what is feeded to it, it will be stored for further utilization".

Thus is the difference between movie and novel.

Does the movie help you to understand the narrative structure of the novel:

In some manner the movie has helped to understand the narrative structure(box within box technique) of the novel but for thorough understanding of aforementioned respective aspect, one needs to refer the novel, as per one's convenience.

Thus in some manner it helped a lot.

Do you think movie is helpful to provide thorough understanding of the view points of the different characters:

Yes it is helpful in providing the thorough understanding of some view points, as we can see by characters expression/attitude/manner how they may be thinking in accordance with their life and after performing each and every actions of their life and accordingly we can sketch them into our writing with the help of the words.

Thus in some manner it can be utilized.

Lady monster and Elizabeth monster in the movie and in what manner one has rejection and another has acceptance:

Both the monsters are constitution of the same chemical, but both differs in their respective demands. One is demanded and another is the cherishing wish of Victor. One is going to be created as it is the Victor God's son's wish  as God(in Paradise lost) creates Eve as Adam's companion out of Adam's rib, the Monster wants "Victor" to create for him a companion as inspired by "the Delzi family" living around him. But as realized by "Victor" that this another creation would add to this particular race and perhaps they would have one after generations as humans have, he stopped him and as a result the Monster determines to kill the Victor's beloved called "Elizabeth".

After Elizabeth has been killed by Monster and as he is very much obsessive with his love, he resolves to create an another chemical monster called "Elizabeth" the whole part of body, except the neck is of "Justin" his maid and the neck portion is of "Elizabeth".

When seeing him cutting other female's body to create a "female monster" doesn't seem to be so much horrific or weird because he is doing as usual as he had done with the "Male monster".

But here with Elizabeth he has "true bondage of emotions" or can say very much obsessive in that emotions that unconcerning the proper sense and resolving to create "a chemicalizing Elizabeth" and he creates. Though by structure and face she has a very great resemblance with Elizabeth but now she has turned into monster, she is mere an empty anatomy, which has a structure but empty "as pyramid" and as one is voided(without organs) one may not have such feelings to contemplate and such is the case with "Elizabeth" that she hasn't come out of the natural process of how human beings are generated and so they are having the mutual bondage with their creator but here the creation is made up of "Galvanizing" where only the mechanism like things works and where emotions don't have that stand as technicalit has. Thus is the case with "Victor" and out of fear "female monster" is rejected and out of love, though ugly in look and a void anatomy but Elizabeth is accepted by "Victor" and eventually  by self-immolating herself coming to a lethal end.

Hence in respect of intimacy and emotions both have differences so one is accepted and another is rejected.


Do you think director is faithful to the novel:

We may say "Keneth Brenagh" is faithful to the novel and he has to be. Because as a director one must know what is essential, how he will direct his play,on what depth and consistency and if it isn't marring the taste of the audience. One has to keep multisensory aspects in his/her mind(CONCERNING HIS AUDIENCE) so the charm of watching the movie isn't ruined and retaining as long as an audience want. But yes he can't picturize the whole novel in it, he has to cut off many unwanted scenes which are looking excessive and has to add scenes which are essential for the movie, especially for rendering the public's charm for the movie  and the director has done its duty very well, concerning this novel.

Hence we see here how a director is becoming faithful towards his dedicated movie.


Thankyou!

Source: Movie Screening in department-Heenaba Zala ma'am. Something based on my own understanding contemplated in my answers.

Worksheet-Frankenstein-Mary Shelley

 while viewing movie:

Beginning and the ending of the movie:

 While viewing the beginning of the movie and as the movie is moved further through the storm, shown in the movie, where water is forcefully afflicted on ships, people, soil and everywhere around the scene. That gives a  slight thrilling and terrific effect but not in precise way. Beginning is also embarked with water, equally with its respective ending. In commencement of movie it seems as water is naturalised according to the law of nature, it has become a disaster, which perhaps swept away all the respective creatures from the Earth or situated at any other place. We see "fire&ice" in contradiction manner at the end. Where the Monster himself, by going through the water, reaching the funeral pyre of his father and immolate himself with her father, with a touch of a blazing wood and two of them are turned into ashes.

Can we assume here Victor as representing "fire" and Monster as representing "water". As we have seen in movie as well as in novel that: Victor's idea of evolution is very severe and which is only the reason of destroying everything and he himself come to that deserving end. While on the other side we see "Monster" as a form of water. He is originated with humanly form but he doesn't have that shape of emotions, culture and lifestyle as the humans have.

Thus we see here two contradictory effects in respect to movie's beginning and ending. 

Effect of horror in the movie:

Darkness and gloomy atmosphere itself is giving horrific effect. But particularly when his beloved/wife is killed by the Monster and Victor himself endeavors to create a new specimen of "Elizabeth" and when wroughting anatomy of "Justin" that isn't making literally effect on readers/audience, while precisely this act in itself is horrific, but when he tries to cut the "neck portion" of Elizabeth it gives more horrific effect as it makes one feel that how one can thrash his own dear ones, though the reason is anything but at times it seems to be only the act of selfishness, although this selfishness is interpreted as love for Elizabeth.

We may see many similarising scenes as this, but to have an idea of horror, one is at hand to see.

The character of the Monster: 

The character seems to be inferior as it isn't given the deserving identity, which perhaps readers are expecting from "Victor" to attribute. So it has to face many unknown/known challenges in his life and as his respective mind isn't shaped as human's minds are shaped. he succumbs to every difficulties and challenges coming in his  life.

For example: His situation when having food among the crowd of the people, he can't say anything in his own defense, and hurls himself to that particular situation, from which he hasn't any way out than to surrender and he does).

As tried often to obtain his identity but as refused from his creator, adds up to his inferiority and inferiority transforms into severe extremity and it turns into brutality and cruelty. At the end we can literally see his love/dependence for his identity from his father but when realized that till now for what he was striving , not gained and now there isn't any possibility so he altogether with his chemical (Galvanism)father burns himself.

Hence in brief the character can be evaluated in such a way.

The conversation between Victor &Monster:

The conversation seems to be "conditional one": When encountered with the emotions of the family, Monster himself realizes his loneliness and carve for a female partner. When read about his own evolution from chemical hands of Victor, he tries to meet him and set a condition(as we know he has already created anarchy in Victor's life, by killing some of his belonging ones) where he places a condition that: "If Victor won't generate/unable to generate female monster, he will kill Elizabeth". While concerning this, he says that he will generate a Female Monster as his companion, but he shouldn't leap/peep into library during ongoing process and if incase it is going to happen, he won't be able to and literally it all result into disaster.

Thus we see a glimpse of conversation, taking place between Monster and Victor.

The replacement and omission of some scenes in movie:

Some scenes are replaced and omitted in the movie as per the producer and the convenience of the movie's time, concerning the movie along with maintaining the balance among all its interconnected scenes.

Perhaps as per these aspects changes have been done.

The appropriate symbols in the movie:

There are many symbols in the movie such as "the contrasting picture of Victor and Christianity" that at one side shows darkness(but peace) particularly where the symbol is situated and at another side shows light(but the character himself as squeezed out from its own experiments). While "fire and water" is also used as symbols, where we may say Victor symbolizes "fire"(who has destroyed everything and also with the same fire, Elizabeth immolate herself at the end) also we see at last, though in Christianity they have "burial system" and Victor himself belongs to Christianity, but he is burnt out at last on a funeral pyre along with his son. While "water" as symbol can be related to fluidity/formless/distortion/continuance that is symbolized in accordance with "Male Monster".

Hence we have many but we are keep it till here and as it provides enough association to the movie, it can be considered as used with appropriation to the movie.

Thankyou!

Source:
Movie screening held in our department-Heenaba Zala Ma'am, and something based on my own understanding, which I have reflected in my answers.

Worksheet-Frankenstein-Mary Shelley

Mary Shelley's Frankenstein v/s Kenneth Branagh's movie Frankenstein:

PRE-VIEWING TASKS

 "Gothic scientific fiction" : It is a sub-genre, where irrational with supernatural and rational foundation of scientific fiction weave together a revealing story where the universe can still surprise us: 

For example:here "the Monster" of whom we don't know, how it can be originated only by stitching only the covering outer parts of the anatomy, and solely by stimulating galvanizing effect it can be generated and can live as a human being in the society, concerning his humanly structure.

It seems as a result of over-imagination, which isn't based on rational foundation of scientific novel.If perhaps it is literally based on science then perhaps it would be generated technically/mechanically rather than chemically as the Monster is created in the novel. 

It also comprises terror, horror, thriller, the grotesque or macabre effect. Which we can see literally by watching movie.

Frame Narrative: It is a technique, utilised in Frankenstein novel's narrative style, based on story within the story technique/box within the box technique. Where Monster passes to Victor, he hand overs  to Captain and from him to Saville.

Can be said as when one has his frame work, it is seen by someone's point of view and in this respect, it has a form of a new edition, which is handed over to another one and the another also has his own reflection to reflect and in this manner it passes on from person to person, the difference is "the style of narration/mannerism of particular thing".
Hence can be said the specific style of narration.

Coming to the point of view of the Author: Perhaps here "Marry Shelley" wants to show that how when an individual pre-maturely tries to do anything, what will be its consequences, as Victor Frankenstein is also facing(he has to pay the price in the form of his wife, his brother, Henry only for generating "Monster" with the help of science) or perhaps we may assume here that "the aspect of science&technology" at that time was in a raw form(with forethought).

Through "Monster" perhaps she is trying to show "the societal aspect" that how when one is peculiar to others(here specifically by his ugly look) one is ignored and humiliated, how for his sole survival he has to constantly strive, and besides this he isn't accepted as the human beings are given acceptance.

We can assume here as she has also tried to put forward her point of view of how when one goes against one's nature, disaster is going to follow him/her.(e.g:Victor)

She has also tried to show that how a person can be considered as "monster" on what aspects/views/attitude(e.g: we have 3 characters in the novel to identify, whether who is the real monster).

Hence she has tried her best to give the touch of society, their attitudes, relationships(Victor&Elizabeth), nonacceptance of one's own generated thing as one doesn't similarizes one and so thrown to one's own fate, but eventually how one's karmas follow that particular person till his own ultimate end. We also have patriarchal aspect, prevailing at that particular time and perhaps she, through "monster" trying to symbolize 'science' which was perhaps not abruptly accepted by the people of that time.

Coming to the view points of different characters, we have four main characters in the novel; 
Captain Robert, Victor, Saville and Monster. But we will specifically discuss solely two characters, named Victor & Monster:
Victor, who has a main role to play in the novel as he is the sole creator of the monster. Perhaps when seen his mother, died after giving birth to the baby, he may be thinking that if he can technically generate human being then perhaps a human mightn't die when giving birth to any of the other human being. But didn't think that it is the law of nature and one shouldn't try to change it otherwise one is to face unaware consequences of committed deed and as tried to take nature in his hands, he met the lethal end, which according to him is unexpected, unassumed and undigestive.

He seems to be rigid follower of patriarchy(e.g: when Elizabeth is coming to his lab, where he is mechanizing monster, and he refrains her from reaching there). We find in this novel that he creates monster by denying to accept it as his own part(son) seems as not taking responsibility of what he himself has done and trying to put that thing in fate's hand, while doesn't realizing that unnatural beginning has, unnatural(unusual end) beyond one's understanding.

While monster seems to be alone, and wants to live as human beings are living(inspired by the particular family shown in the movie) but doesn't know, who is his sole creator and to associate himself in this particular arena, he also learns the language, read "Paradise lost" but whenever strived to survive usually he faces contemptuous gestures from the society(e.g: When eating food from one of  the stalls, and hitted by the societals due to his ugly look). What he wants? A usual life, for  which humanbeings are given priviledge and he isn't !

Hence we see here two contrasting characters, who are striving but to make their own ways.

Coming to the confusion for the title of the novel called "Frankenstein": When refering to the novel, question arises in our mind that: to whom we should consider a monster. We must consider here only the interconnected characters known as "Victor" and "Monster". 
Victor who is the creator of the monster, but denies to take the responsibility of his own part and throws him to his fate. Pragmatically if we see this character creates a contemptuous effects on the readers/audience side. While aparting ourselves from all these designs of evaluation we may see here that it was only his creation, which perhaps he was willing to do, though got succeeded but not in the same consistency as he himself has thought about and that perhaps lead him to anxiety and guilt. Perhaps if he would have accepted that Monster, he may have struggled a lot to give the monster his deserving position and perhaps the movie/novel was ended in very different manner.
While seeing this same aspect from the monster's side, we see here it is only the society that leads him to do such things in his life, which according to the audience "leviathan" can do, no one dare to attempt such type of deeds in their lives. When he came to know of his creator from the book, and when seeing "Henry" tries to talk with him but suddenly he moves away from their and "victor's locate" fells down and that stimulates in him the "hatred aspect" and gives more density to contemplate this emotions upon "Victor".
Hence we see here both are made such due to their willingness/circumstances, nobody wants to end their life in such a manner as being reflected in the novel by the author.

Reaching to the conclusion of "the real monster" creature or the creator:

You can refer to the aforementioned answer to understand this question's answer in a better way. Perhaps through director's point of view this idea seems to be justifiable but not by the audience, and as the reader differs in their point of views, their ideas are on equal measures, going to differ, concerning "the real monster identification".

Tabula Rasa:
It has relation in regard of this novel: As it has been said: "a child can be nurtured in his/her parents lap/particular environment". While here Monster is Victor's son and as he is to influence Monster as per her personality in respects of attitude, behaviour, actions towards society, he isn't. But his denial leads him to brutality and cruelty and he kills people on a large scale in the novel, with ignorant passionate attitude.
Hence it gives an idea as when one fails to perform one's responsible duty, then only something unaccepted is happened which is beyond repairing. While  Tabula Rasa gives a thrilling effect as it is effected when internally something dark, gloomy is happening, which can't be narrate to anyone, but the readers/audience who are fully aware of all these things are getting pleasure when documenting the respective characters.

Significance of the subtitle called "the modern prometheus": In "Ancient Greek Mythology" Prometheus is credited for bringing knowledge and enlightenment to the mankind. He has stolen fire from "Olympus" the God, who wants to keep fire for themselves, but as he went against the God, he was chained to the rock, where in day his heart was eaten out by the eagle and at night it was transformed back as it was before.
With reference to the novel, we may see here that "Mary Shelley" is also serving accordingly through his novel, as we have already seen the contemplation of the knowledge and when well-documented the characters with all positive and negative aspects, it serves enlightening to the readers/audience.
Also we can relate this "moral approach". Victor's wrong(perhaps not his creation was responsible for his downfall, but his attitude of denying his own karmical responsibility to shoulder)deed lead him to disaster, similarly Monster's deed were unfair but we can say here lack of proper training, which can be done by his father, wasn't taken into consideration and the circumstances, while there wasn't his own individual idea to reflect and so that it may have good/bad consequences. But Monster can't be evaluated on this respective approach.
Thus is the enunciation of "modern Prometheus subtitle".

Does Mary Shelley's Frankenstein stands on the brick of revolutionary changes:

One may say this by referring to this novel, as Victor's evolution of "Sapien" seems to be a pre-mature and raw experiment, and so it has dire/terrific consequences.

Thus it can be assumed it must haven't much developed at that time but it is taken perhaps to show the people that how anything in raw form works.

Thankyou!

Sources:
To refer "Galvanism" switch on to the site: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/galvanism

Wikipedia: the concept of frame narrative(something from ma'am's lecture)tabula rasa(something added from my own understanding), Gothic scientific novel(as usual).